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92 sites of panoramic computed radiographs (CR) and CT were taken for 77 patients. Among them, either panoramic images or CT images with blurred images of the mandibular canal or indistinct cortical outlining of alveolar crest were excluded. All patients were partially or totally edentulous in the mandibular molar regions. Therefore, the panoramic radiograph has been considered as a viable tool to measure the available bone height (ABH) only if it is equipped with accurate position and a proper magnifying factor.Īmong the CT images of the 507 patients (242 male, 265 female) who were taken for implant installation in the Seoul National University Dental Hospital from February 2004 to December 2005, 685 reformatted sagittal CT images for the edentulous mandibular molar area were selected retrospectively for this study, excluding images of extraction socket, retained root and severe alveolar root resorption. The errors of panoramic images are mostly caused by the inaccuracy of positioning patients. Such dependence on panoramic images should be accompanied by handling the errors of panoramic images. Over 90% responded that they never prescribe either conventional tomography or CT. The results showed that more than 95% of the dentists take panoramic radiographs of at least 80% of patients.
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Beason and Brooks 3 determined the types of imaging used for pre-operative implant site assessment in a random sample of the dentists in south-east Michigan, USA. In spite of these disadvantages, panoramic radiography has been the most common single radiographic examination used in the implant treatment planning.
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However, image magnification and lack of cross-sectional information are the major disadvantages of this image modality for treatment planning. Panoramic radiography is readily available and provides a view of many structures of the maxilla and mandible at a low cost. Accurate assessment of alveolar ridge morphology and inferior alveolar canal location is critical in the pre-surgical planning phase for dental implant therapy.
![Type 3 mandibular bone height](https://kumkoniak.com/39.jpg)